Conversely, the famous rabbi Shlomo ibn Aderet (the Rashba, c. In 1390, the Diocese of York forbade clergy from wearing pattens and clogs in both church and processions, considering them to be indecorous-"contra honestatem ecclesiae". Most London patten soles were constructed of alder, willow or poplar woods. Leather pattens became fashionable in the 14th and 15th centuries, and in London, appear to have begun to be worn as shoes over hose in the 15th century, spreading to a much wider section of the public. From the late 14th century, the flat variety became increasingly common. In earlier varieties of pattens, dating from the 12th century on, the stilt or wedge variety were more common. Some later European varieties of these pattens had a laminated sole light wooden inner sections with leather above and below. The third type had a flat sole made from stacked layers of leather. A second variant had a flat wooden sole, often hinged. One of these types had a wooden 'platform' sole raised from the ground, either with wooden wedges or iron stands. Medieval and Early Modern overshoes are now all usually referred to as 'pattens' for convenience. Medieval pattens were known in English by the terms: 'patyns', 'clogges', and 'galoches', but the original shades of meaning and distinction between these terms is now unclear. Pattens were worn by both men and women during the Middle Ages, and are especially seen in art from the 15th century a time when poulaines-shoes with very long, pointed toes-were particularly in fashion. Pattens were worn during the Middle Ages outdoors, and in public places, over (outside of) the thin soled shoes of that era. In appearance, they may resemble contemporary clogs or sandals, but though historical usage was apparently not always consistent, the term now is used only to describe protective overshoes worn over another pair of shoes. Women continued to wear pattens in muddy conditions until the 19th or even early 20th century. The word patten probably derives from the Old French patte meaning hoof or paw. 5 The Worshipful Company of Pattenmakers.
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